Size and characteristics of the California PAS workforce, 2005-07

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Size and characteristics of the California PAS workforce, 2005-07
Annual earnings
	Number of PAS workers	Percent of PAS workers

Total	169,000	100.0

Gender
Male	27,600	16.3
Female	141,400	83.7

Average age (years)	45.5

Race/ethnicity
White	83,000	49.1
African American	22,900	13.5
Asian/Pacific Islander	34,800	20.6
Native American	4,300	2.6
Latino/Hispanic	56,900	33.7

Birthplace
United States, incl. territories	89,200	52.8
Other countries	79,800	47.2

Family income
< Federal Poverty Level	30,100	17.8
< 200% Federal Poverty Level	79,700	47.2

Type of worker
Home health or nursing aide	46,100	27.3
Personal or home care attendant	113,900	67.4
Other	8,900	5.3

Type of employment
Self-employed	23,000	13.6
Works for employer	146,000	86.4
Full-time workers (≥35 hrs/week)	88,400	52.3
Steadily employed (≥50 weeks/yr)	110,500	65.4


Worker type	Median (2007 dollars)
All workers	$12,200
Full-time year-round workers	$21,600

Consumer-to-worker ratio

Region	No. with ADL difficulty per PAS worker
California	5.5
National average	7.3

† Estimate has low statistical reliability (standard error is greater than 30% of estimate).
— Estimate is less than 50 people or 0.05 percent.

These estimates are based on an analysis conducted by the Center for Personal Assistance Services of a three-year combined sample of data from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey. PAS workers were identified according to both their occupation and industry of employment ( for details, see Kaye, H. S., Chapman, S., Newcomer, R. J., & Harrington, C. (2006). The Personal Assistance Workforce: Trends in supply and demand. Health Affairs, 25(4), 1113-1120). Because many PAS workers may not report this work to the Census Bureau as their primary occupation, the statistics presented probably underestimate the true number of workers in each state.

The number of workers by race and ethnicity may add up to more than the total for two reasons:

people can identify multiple races, in which case they are listed in more than one category, and
people identifying as Latino/Hispanic are also listed in a racial category (for example, white or African American).

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